Guanli Fu

Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Bt Research, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 4   
Received: 20 Jun., 2024    Accepted: 31 Jul., 2024    Published: 16 Aug., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has become a significant challenge in biological control and sustainable agriculture. With the widespread use of Bt toxins in genetically modified crops and biopesticides, insect populations have gradually evolved various resistance mechanisms. This study systematically analyzes the genetic, biochemical, and behavioral resistance mechanisms of insects to Bt toxins, revealing multiple pathways such as point mutations, gene amplification, epigenetic modifications, enhanced detoxification enzyme activity, and changes in behavioral patterns. Additionally, the study explores resistance management strategies, such as refuge strategies, Bt gene pyramiding, and integrated pest management (IPM), in delaying the development of resistance. Through case studies, this research summarizes successful resistance management experiences and the challenges faced, and offers directions for future research. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the continuous improvement of resistance management strategies to ensure the long-term effectiveness of Bt toxins in agriculture.

Bt toxin; Resistance mechanism; Gene mutation; Resistance management; Insect behavior